Veterinary World

M. Soma Sekhar ¹, N. Mohammad Sharif ², T. Srinivasa Rao ¹, M. Metta ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to characterize virulent Escherichia coli isolated from different poultry species and poultry farm workers using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) genotyping.
Materials and Methods: Fecal swabs from different poultry species (n=150) and poultry farm workers (n=15) were analyzed for E. coli and screened for virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eaeA, and hlyA) by multiplex PCR. Virulent E. coli was serotyped based on their “O” antigen and then genotyped using ERIC-PCR.
Results: A total of 134 E. coli isolates (122/150 from poultry and 12/15 from farm workers) were recovered. Virulence genes were detected in a total of 12 isolates. Serological typing of the 12 virulent E. coli revealed nine different serotypes (O2, O49, O60, O63, O83, O101, O120, UT, and Rough). ERIC-PCR genotyping allowed discrimination of 12 virulent E. coli isolates into 11 ERIC-PCR genotypes. The numerical index of discrimination was 0.999.
Conclusion: Our findings provide information about the wide genetic diversity and discrimination of virulent E. coli in apparently healthy poultry and poultry farm workers of Andhra Pradesh (India) based on their genotype.

Keywords

Escherichia coli, Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-Polymerase Chain Reaction, Genotype, Poultry, Serotype, Virulent.

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M. Srivani ¹, Y. Narasimha Reddy ², K. V. Subramanyam ¹, M. Ramakoti Reddy ³, T. Srinivasa Rao ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Krishna - 521 101, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, IN
3 Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, IN
4 Department of Veterinary Public Health, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Aim: Aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence, virulence gene profiles, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) in diarrheic buffalo calves from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana States.

Materials and Methods: A total of 375 fecal samples from diarrheic buffalo calves of 1-7, 8-30, 31-60, and 61-90 days age were collected from which STEC were isolated, and virulence genes were detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial resistance of isolates was tested by disk diffusion method.

Results: The prevalence of E. coli associated diarrhea in buffalo calves was 85.04%, of which 35.01% was STEC origin. In STEC, the combination of eaeA and, hlyA virulence genes was highest (42.45%) followed by stx1 (16.04%), stx1, stx2 and hlyA (13.21%), stx2 (12.64%), stx1, eae and hlyA (9.43%) and stx1 and hlyA (6.6%) genes were detected. Highest antimicrobial resistance was observed for tetracycline (63.21%) and ampicillin (48.11%), while chloramphenicol, gentamycin (96.33%) and imipenem (99.06%) antibiotics are susceptible. Multidrug resistance was detected in 69.81% of the STEC isolates from diarrheic buffalo calves.

Conclusion: Higher prevalence of eaeA and hlyA genes carrying isolates of STEC may be a serious zoonotic threat and increased prevalence of multidrug resistance in E. coli may necessitate stringent selection of appropriate antimicrobial agent in treating buffalo calf diarrhea cases.

Keywords

Antimicrobial Resistance, Buffalo Calf Diarrheia, Shiga Toxigenic Escherichia coli, Virulence Genes.

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